The Innocent for the Guilty?
by If Penal Substitution is true, then the innocent would have taken the punishment for the guilty. A refutation against PSA is that this cannot happen. …
Author: Ben Hammond
The Death of Jesus was Enough
One of the refutations against Penal Substitution is that the payment of Jesus would be insufficient to cover every sin for every person who has …
Penal Substitution is NOT new!
One of the refutations against the idea of Penal Substitutionary Atonement (PSA) is that it is a new doctrine. Some (Brian Zandh, for example) claim …
The Wrath of God in Penal Substitution
Is God an enraged, sadistic, out-of-control tyrant? Some people reject Penal Substitutionary Atonement because they don’t like the idea of God’s wrath. Of course, we …
Penal Substitution in Isaiah 53
Of all the biblical passages that touch on the idea of penal substitution, Isaiah 53 is the king. In it, the “suffering servant” is clearly …
Penal Substitution IS in the Bible!
It has become the popular thing to disregard the idea of penal substitution. Starting with this video, we will look at several rebuttals that people …
Penal Substitution: The Heart of the Atonement
Penal Substitution, although under attack, stands at the heart of the atonement. Without it, all theology crumbles. In this video, we look at the necessity …
The Moral Influence Theory of the Atonement
The moral influence theory (moral example theory) of the atonement, attributed to Abelard and Schleiermacher, basically states that the life and death of Jesus served …
The Satisfaction Theory of the Atonement
The Satisfaction Theory of the Atonement, like most other views, has its strengths and weaknesses. Watch the video below for my full assessment. The Satisfaction …
The Christus Victor Theory of the Atonement
Jesus was victorious over sin, death, and the Devil! Was He really? Of course. The question, however, is not if Christ won the victory, but …